How to Winterize Your Water Feature and Prevent Cold Weather Damage

Don’t Let Ice Wreck Your Garden Oasis

As the temperatures begin to drop and the first frosts arrive, it’s easy to forget about your garden water feature. But just like your outdoor plants and patio furniture, water features need proper care and preparation before winter sets in. Failing to winterize your fountain, pond, or decorative waterfall can lead to serious damage—including cracked basins, frozen and burst pipes, or pump failure—all of which can be costly to repair or replace come spring.

When water is left inside a feature during freezing weather, it expands as it turns to ice. This expansion can cause cracks in stone, resin, or concrete materials, split hoses or tubing, and destroy internal components like the pump. Additionally, any remaining debris or algae in the water can worsen over winter and create a mess when temperatures rise again.

The good news? With just a bit of preparation, you can protect your water feature from harsh winter conditions and ensure it’s ready to shine again in the warmer months. In this blog, we’ll walk you through why winterizing is important, how to do it step by step, and offer tips tailored to different types of water features—including solar-powered and pond systems. Let’s get started on keeping your water feature safe and damage-free all winter long.

Section 1: Why Winterizing Matters

Winter might bring a beautiful blanket of snow to your garden, but it also brings risks that can seriously damage your water feature if left unprotected. Understanding the effects of freezing weather on outdoor fountains, ponds, and waterfalls is the first step to preserving their beauty and function for years to come.

The Effect of Freezing Temperatures on Water Features

When water freezes, it expands—by about 9%. This expansion puts enormous pressure on any container, pipe, or channel it sits in. In an outdoor water feature, that means the water sitting in basins, tubes, or pump chambers can freeze solid and exert enough force to crack stone, burst flexible tubing, or permanently damage the internal components of a pump.

Even a small amount of standing water in the wrong place can be enough to cause serious damage. In areas where temperatures repeatedly freeze and thaw, the stress of this cycle can lead to splitting, leaks, or slow degradation of materials.

Common Damage That Can Occur

Neglecting to winterize your water feature can result in a number of preventable issues:

• Cracked Basins or Bowls: When ice forms in the basin and expands, it can cause visible cracks that ruin the appearance and structural integrity of your feature.
• Burst Pipes or Tubing: Frozen water in narrow tubing or pipes can lead to splits or disconnections, affecting water circulation or causing leaks when restarted.
• Burned-Out Pumps: If the pump runs dry due to frozen intake or blocked flow, it can overheat and become irreparably damaged. Alternatively, water left inside the pump can freeze and damage its internal components.

All of these problems not only impact your feature’s functionality—they often require expensive replacements or professional repairs.

The Importance of Winter Care for Longevity and Lower Repair Costs

Taking the time to winterize your water feature is a smart investment. It helps:

• Protect the structure and mechanical parts from harsh conditions
• Avoid costly repairs or early replacement of key components
• Ensure your feature is ready to use again immediately in spring
• Preserve the overall beauty and function of your garden design

In short, a little care now goes a long way. Winterizing takes just an hour or two but can save you weeks of frustration and hundreds in repair costs later.

Section 2: Know Your Water Feature Type

Not all water features are created equal, and their winterization needs can vary significantly based on design, size, and power source. Before diving into a one-size-fits-all cleaning and prep routine, it’s essential to understand your specific type of water feature so you can care for it properly through the cold months.

Freestanding Fountains

Freestanding fountains—whether tiered, urn-style, or cascading bowls—are often made of stone, resin, concrete, or metal. These features typically hold smaller volumes of water and are exposed on all sides to the elements.

Winter Prep Tips:

• Drain all water completely to prevent freezing and cracking.
• Remove and clean the pump; store it indoors.
• Cover the entire fountain with a breathable weatherproof cover to protect it from ice, snow, and debris.
• If the fountain is small and lightweight, consider moving it indoors to a shed or garage.

Wall-Mounted Features

Wall fountains are often mounted to brick, wood, or concrete surfaces and can be more difficult to disassemble. Their basins may be more shallow, making them especially vulnerable to freezing.

Winter Prep Tips:

• Drain the basin completely and remove the pump if accessible.
• Disconnect any tubing or water lines.
• Use a fitted cover or insulated foam board to protect the basin area and surrounding wall.
• Ensure the wall itself is sealed against moisture to avoid damage behind the feature.

Ponds and Large Water Installations

Larger water features, like koi ponds or landscape-integrated waterfalls, often stay operational year-round—especially if they house fish or aquatic plants.

Winter Prep Tips:

• Skim out leaves and debris to reduce organic matter that can decay under ice.
• Install a pond heater or floating de-icer to keep a section of water from freezing completely—this is crucial for oxygen exchange if fish are present.
• Use a pond net to prevent falling leaves from settling in the water.
• In very cold climates, it’s wise to shut down the pump and filtration system and remove any above-ground tubing.

Solar vs. Electric-Powered Features

The power source of your feature also affects your winter prep strategy:

Solar-Powered Features:

• Disconnect and store solar panels and battery units indoors to protect them from frost and moisture.
• Remove the pump and store it in a dry, frost-free area.
• Drain the feature completely, as most solar features aren’t designed for sub-zero operation.

Electric-Powered Features:

• Always unplug and remove the pump if the feature won’t be running.
• If you’re keeping the feature operational, use insulation and possibly a low-wattage heater to protect electrical components.
• Ensure all cords and connections are dry and stored properly or waterproofed.

Not All Water Features Need to Be Shut Down

In milder climates or when certain protective measures are in place, some water features can remain running through the winter. If your feature is designed for year-round use and has constant water movement, it may resist freezing—but it still requires regular monitoring.

Consider Keeping the Feature Running Only If:

• You live in a region where temperatures rarely drop below freezing.
• You’re using a heater or de-icer to prevent ice buildup.
• The pump is rated for continuous winter use and properly insulated.

Section 3: Step-by-Step Guide to Winterizing Your Water Feature

Winterizing your water feature properly ensures that it survives freezing temperatures without costly damage. This step-by-step guide will help you protect pumps, basins, pipes, and decorative elements so your feature is ready to shine again come spring.

1. Turn Off and Unplug the Pump

• Always begin by turning off the water feature and unplugging the pump from its power source.
• This prevents accidental operation during cleaning or freezing conditions.
• If the feature is solar-powered, disconnect the solar panel and battery components to avoid moisture damage.
• Safety tip: Never work on a water feature while it’s connected to electricity.

2. Drain the Water Completely

• Leaving water inside your feature during freezing weather can lead to serious structural damage.
• Use a bucket, siphon, or built-in drain plug (if available) to empty all water from the reservoir, basins, and tubing.
• Make sure no water is left pooling at the bottom or in narrow crevices—even a small amount can freeze and expand, causing cracks.
• Drain the water into a gravel area or lawn, away from delicate plants that could be harmed by any residue or cleaning agents.

3. Remove and Clean the Pump

• Once the water is drained, carefully remove the pump.
• Rinse it with clean water to remove any debris, algae, or mineral buildup.
• Let it air dry completely before storing it.
• Store the pump indoors in a frost-free area, such as a garage or shed, ideally inside a container to protect it from dust and moisture.

4. Clean the Feature Thoroughly

• Before covering or storing your water feature, give it a good final clean.
• Use a non-abrasive brush or sponge and a gentle cleaning solution (such as diluted white vinegar) to scrub away algae, dirt, and mineral stains.
• Focus on corners, edges, and any spouts or decorative elements where buildup commonly occurs.
• Rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth to avoid mildew while in storage or under cover.

5. Protect with a Fountain Cover or Tarp

• Now that your feature is dry and empty, it’s time to shield it from the elements.
• Use a breathable, waterproof cover specifically designed for fountains or garden ornaments. Avoid plastic tarps that trap moisture and promote mold growth.
• Make sure the cover fits snugly but allows for some airflow to prevent condensation inside.
• If a fountain cover isn’t available, use a heavy-duty tarp tied securely with bungee cords or rope—just ensure it doesn’t sag or collect water or snow.

6. Insulate Pipes and Tubing (If Applicable)

• If your water feature has exposed tubing or underground pipes that can’t be fully drained, insulation is critical.
• Wrap pipes in foam insulation sleeves or use heat tape where needed.
• Seal off open ends of tubing to prevent water or snow from entering.
• Even in mild climates, this extra step can help prevent sudden cold snaps from causing hidden damage.

7. Use a Pond Heater or Floating De-Icer (For Larger Water Features That Stay Active)

• If you have a pond or large water feature that stays operational through winter, keeping part of the water surface ice-free is essential.
• Install a floating de-icer or low-wattage pond heater to maintain a small area of open water.
• This allows gases to escape, ensures proper oxygen levels for fish, and prevents full freezing.
• Make sure your pump is rated for winter use and monitor it regularly during extreme cold.

Pro Tip: Don’t wait until the first frost! Begin winterizing in late autumn, ideally before nighttime temperatures consistently drop below freezing.

Section 4: Winter Care Tips for Solar Water Features

Solar water features are a popular choice for eco-conscious gardeners, offering low maintenance and no wiring. However, they still require specific winter care to protect delicate components like solar panels, battery packs, and compact pumps. Cold weather and moisture can damage these systems if left outdoors, especially in regions with freezing temperatures. Follow these simple steps to safeguard your solar-powered feature through winter.

Disconnect Solar Panels

• Solar panels may be designed for outdoor use, but winter conditions—especially snow, sleet, and ice—can reduce their efficiency and damage internal wiring over time.
• Unplug the panel from the pump and any battery pack connections.
• If the panel is mounted on a stake or bracket, remove it carefully to avoid bending or cracking.
• Wipe the panel clean with a soft cloth to remove any dirt or mineral deposits before storage.

Tip: Label the cables or take a quick photo before disassembly to make spring reinstallation easier.

Store Components Indoors

• Once disconnected, all removable components should be stored in a dry, frost-free place, such as a garage, shed, or utility room.
• This includes the pump, solar panel, controller, and timer units (if applicable).
• Allow all parts to dry completely before storage to prevent mold or corrosion.
• Store cords loosely coiled and keep everything in a clearly labeled container or box for easy access later.

Protect Battery Packs from Moisture and Freezing

• If your solar water feature includes a rechargeable battery pack, it’s especially vulnerable in cold weather.
• Remove the battery pack and check the charge level—batteries should not be stored fully depleted.
• Keep it in a cool, dry location away from direct sunlight or fluctuating temperatures.
• Avoid storing in humid environments, which can shorten battery life or cause corrosion.

Pro Tip: Recharge the battery every few months over winter if possible, to help preserve its lifespan for spring use.

By taking a few extra steps to care for your solar components, you’ll extend their life, maintain performance, and ensure a hassle-free restart when warmer days return.

Section 5: What to Avoid

Winterizing your water feature the right way isn’t just about what to do—it’s equally important to know what not to do. Certain shortcuts or common mistakes can cause long-term damage, harm wildlife, or lead to unnecessary costs. Here are the top things to avoid when preparing your water feature for winter.

Don’t Use Antifreeze (Toxic to Pets and Wildlife)

• One of the biggest misconceptions is that adding automotive antifreeze to your water feature will prevent freezing.
• While it’s true that antifreeze lowers the freezing point of water, automotive and industrial antifreeze contains ethylene glycol, a highly toxic chemical that can be fatal to pets, birds, and other wildlife—even in small amounts.
• Even “non-toxic” versions can harm fish and aquatic plants or contaminate soil if drained improperly.
• Instead, opt for mechanical solutions like draining, covering, or using a pond de-icer for larger features where water must remain.

Safety first: Never add chemicals to a water feature unless they are labeled safe for outdoor, wildlife-friendly use.

Don’t Leave Water in Frozen Climates

• Even small amounts of leftover water can cause major problems once freezing temperatures set in.
• As water freezes, it expands, putting pressure on basins, bowls, tubing, and pumps.
• This can result in cracked stone, broken resin features, split hoses, and expensive structural repairs come spring.
• Thoroughly drain all areas of your water feature, including small reservoirs and hidden tubing, to eliminate any risk of ice damage.

Pro Tip: Use a sponge or towel to soak up residual water in hard-to-reach spots after draining.

Don’t Neglect Pump Maintenance Before Storage

• Many water feature owners simply unplug the pump and toss it into a shed—only to discover a non-working motor when spring arrives.
• Pumps need to be cleaned, dried, and stored properly to avoid mineral buildup, mold, and internal corrosion.
• Failing to clean out algae or sediment before storage can shorten the lifespan of your pump or clog it permanently.
• It’s also important to protect the pump’s wiring from fraying or tangling by storing it in a dry container.

Best practice: Rinse your pump with clean water, let it dry completely, and store it in a frost-free, dry space—preferably inside a labeled bin or box.

By steering clear of these common mistakes, you’ll ensure that your water feature stays in great shape and is ready for a smooth restart in the spring—without damage, delays, or surprises.

Protect It Now, Enjoy It Later

Winterizing your water feature is a simple yet crucial step to protect it from the damaging effects of freezing temperatures, moisture buildup, and neglect. By taking the time to drain water, clean and store the pump, disconnect solar components, and cover or insulate exposed parts, you ensure your feature remains in excellent condition throughout the cold months.

Avoiding common mistakes—like using toxic antifreeze or skipping maintenance—can save you from costly repairs and replacements in spring. With just a little preparation now, you’ll preserve the beauty and functionality of your water feature and enjoy a hassle-free reawakening when warmer weather returns.

FAQs

1. Do I need to winterize my water feature if I live in a mild climate?

Answer:
Yes, even in milder climates, it’s a good idea to perform basic winter maintenance. While freezing may be rare, fluctuating temperatures, rain, and debris can still affect pumps and surfaces. Draining the feature, cleaning the pump, and covering it can help prolong its life.

2. Can I just add antifreeze to the water to prevent freezing?

Answer:
No. You should never use automotive antifreeze in outdoor water features—it’s highly toxic to pets, birds, and wildlife. Instead, drain the water completely or use a wildlife-safe pond de-icer if the water must remain.

3. What happens if I leave water in the fountain over winter?

Answer:
Leaving water in your feature during freezing conditions can lead to cracks, burst pipes, or pump damage as ice expands. Even small amounts of trapped water can cause costly repairs when the weather warms up.

4. Do I need to remove the pump every winter?

Answer:
Yes. The pump should be removed, cleaned, dried, and stored indoors to prevent freezing damage, internal corrosion, or clogging from algae and debris.

5. How do I protect a large pond that can’t be drained?

Answer:
For ponds, use a floating pond heater or de-icer to keep part of the surface ice-free. This maintains oxygen exchange and helps prevent damage to submerged equipment or harm to fish.

6. Can I leave a solar-powered water feature outside during winter?

Answer:
No. You should disconnect and store solar panels, pumps, and battery packs indoors to avoid moisture damage and freezing issues. These components aren’t built to withstand extended exposure to winter weather.

7. When should I start winterizing my water feature?

Answer:
Start winterizing in late autumn, before overnight temperatures consistently dip below freezing. Early preparation ensures all components are protected before the first frost hits.